Emashubhu Lasebentisa Kushisa Kahle
- Ikhabhoni & Ikhabhoni Insimbi
- Insimbi lengagucuki
- Litfusi Ne-Nikheli
- Emashubhu Lasebentisa Kushisa Kahle
- Tintfo tekufaka emaphayiphi
- Emaphayiphi
- I-Gasket, Ibhawudi ye-Stud &Nati
- Emavalvu Etimboni
01
Emashubhu Lanetinsiba Ekudluliseni Kushisa Kusebenta Ncono
Tindlela Tekukhicita Emashubhu Lanetinsiba
Emashubhu lanetinsiba akhicitwa kusetjentiswa tindlela letehlukene kuye ngetintfo, kusetjentiswa, kanye netidzingo tekusebenta:
1. Timphiko Letikhishiwe (Timphiko Letihlangene)
- Lishubhu le bimetallic (sib., luhlaka lwangaphandle lwe aluminium ngetulu kwensimbi noma umgogodla welitfusi) ludluliswa ngemshini lokhipha timphiko kusuka kulucwencwe lwangaphandle.
- Iniketa emandla lamahle kakhulu emishini kanye nekudvonsa lokushisako.
- Isetjentiswa ekusebentiseni lokushisa kakhulu njengetinhlelo tekubuyisa kushisa.
2. Timphiko Letigociwe (Letijikeletako)
- Umgca wensimbi (lokuvame kuba yi-aluminium noma i-copper) ugocotwa ngendlela ye-helical uzungeze lishubhu lesisekelo bese uboshwa ngekunamatsela, ku-brazing, noma ku-welding.
- Ibizi futsi isetjentiswa kakhulu kuma-exchangers ekushisa lapholiswa ngumoya.
- Akukafaneli emazinga ekushisa laphakeme kakhulu ngenca yekwehluleka lokungenteka kwekubopha.
3. Timphiko Letifakwe (G-Fin)
- Kufakwa umgodzi ngemshini kulelishubhu, bese kufakwa umgca we fin bese uvalwa ngemshini endzaweni yawo.
- Kutsintsana lokuhle kwekushisa kanye nekumelana nekukhululeka kwema fin.
- Kuvamile etinchubeni tekushisa kanye nemabhoyila.
4. Timphiko Letishiselwe
- Timphiko tishiselwa ngamunye ngamunye kulelishubhu (sib., L-foot, letihlangene, noma timphiko letishiselwe ngetikhonkwane).
- Ilungele kusetjentiswa lokushisa kakhulu kanye nekucindzeteleka lokusetulu (sib., ema-economizers, kubuyiswa kwekushisa lokulahliwe).
- Kubiza kakhulu kepha kuhlala sikhatsi lesidze kakhulu.
5. Timphiko Letindze
- Emafins agijima ahambisana ne-axis yelishubhu, asetjentiswa lapho khona kugeleta kwe-axis kunconotwa khona (sib., kuletinye tipholisi temoya kanye neti-condenser).
- Kuvame kubonakala ekusebentiseni emakhemikhali ephethroli.
6. Timphiko letinetikhonkwane
- Tikhonkwane letincane tiyashiselwa etulu kweshubhu kwentela kukhulisa kuphitsitela kanye nekudluliswa kwekushisa.
- Isetjentiswa etintfweni tekushisa tembhedze letinemanti kanye nemabhoyila.
Tinhlobo Letidumile Temashubhu Lanetinsiba Emishini Yekudlulisa Kushisa
1. Emashubhu Laphindzako Lajikeletako (Lajikeletako)
- Luhlobo loluvame kakhulu, lusetjentiswa kuma exchangers ekushisa lapholiswa ngumoya (ACHEs).
- Tintfo letisetjentiswako: I-Aluminium (yekumelana nekugcola), litfusi, noma insimbi lengagucuki.
2. Emashubhu e- Fin Lakhishiwe
- Kusebenta kahle lokusezingeni leliphakeme kwekushisa, kusetjentiswa kumajeneretha emfutfo wekubuyisa kushisa (ema-HRSG) kanye nema-economizers.
- Lishubhu lesisekelo: Insimbi yeKhabhoni / insimbi lengagucuki; Tintfo letisetjentiswako: I-aluminiyamu.
3. L-Lunyawo & LL-Lunyawo Emashubhu Lanetinsiba
- Timphiko tinesimo se "L" esigabeni sekubopha lokuncono.
- Isetjentiswa ekucoleni kanye nasekusebentiseni tikhungo temandla.
4. Timphiko letinemazinyo
- Timphiko tinekusika kwentela kukhulisa kuphitsitela kanye nekudluliswa kwekushisa.
- Isetjentiswa kugesi-kuya-gesi kushisa exchangers.
5. Emashubhu Lanetinsiba
- Kuba lukhuni kwemhlabatsi kwenta ncono kudluliswa kwekushisa kuma condensers kanye nema evaporator.
6. Emashubhu Emaphiko Lanemagobolondo
- Timphiko letinemagagasi tikhulisa indzawo lengetulu kanye nekugucuka, kwenta ncono kusebenta kahle.
Tizatfu Tekukhetsa Emashubhu Lanetinsiba
- Kushisa & Kucindzeteleka: Ticelo letisetulu tekushisa tidzinga timphiko letishiselwe noma letikhishiwe.
- Kumelana nekugcola: Timphiko te aluminium tetindzawo letine esidi, insimbi lengagucuki yetimo letilukhuni.
- Luhlobo Lweludzaka: Timphiko letiseceleni kwegesi tidzinga indzawo lephakeme (helical/serrated), kantsi luhlangotsi lweludzaka lungasebentisa emashubhu laseceleni kwemanti laphansi.
- Tindleko: Timphiko letigociwe tiyakonga, kantsi timphiko letikhishiwe/letishiselwe tibita kakhulu kepha tihlala sikhatsi lesidze.
Ticelo
- Tikhungo temandla: Ema-condenser lapholiswa ngumoya, ema-HRSG.
- Oyili & Gesi: Tintfo letishisako, titofu.
- HVAC: Tintfo letibandzako, ema-radiyetha.
- Emakhemikhali: Emabhoyila ekushisa lalahliwe, ema-reactor.
Kusebentisa kahle Lishubhu Lelinetimphiko kanye Netintfo Tetimphiko
Kukhetsa tintfo temashubhu lanetimphiko emishinini yekudlulisa kushisa kuya ngetintfo letifana nekushisa, kucindzeteleka, kumelana nekugcola, kudvonsa kushisa, kanye netindleko. Ngentansi kunetintfo letithandwa kakhulu tensimbi kanye nensimbi letisetjentiselwa emashubhu lanetinsiba, letihlukaniswe ngetintfo temashubhu lasetulu kanye netintfo tetinsiba:
1. Tintfo teLishubhu Lesisekelo (Lishubhu Leliyinhloko)
Lelishubhu lesisekelo litfwala lutfuli loluyinhloko (ludzaka/igesi) futsi kumele limelane nekucindzeteleka, kushisa, kanye nekugcola.
Insimbi yeKhabhoni (CS)
- Emabanga: ASTM A179, A192, A210 (emabhoyila & tintfo letishintshanisako)
- Buhle: Tindleko letiphansi, emandla lamahle, afanelekile kusebenta lokunemandla lamakhulu.
- Cons: Kuthambekele ekugcobeni; kuvame kusetjentiswa ngetintfo letivikelako noma uma indzawo ingagcobi.
- Ticelo: Emabhoyila, ema-economizers, ema-condensers emfutfo.
Insimbi lengagucuki (SS)
- Emabanga:
- 304/304L – Inhloso jikelele, kumela lokuhle kwekugcola.
- 316/316L – Kumelana kahle nema chlorides kanye ne esidi (kusetjentiswa etitjalweni temakhemikhali, etindzaweni taselwandle).
- 321/347 – Emabanga lacinile eticelweni tekushisa lokusetulu (sib., kubuyiswa kwekushisa kwegesi yekukhipha).
- Buhle: Kumelana nekugcola lokuhle kakhulu, emandla ekushisa lokusezingeni leliphakeme.
- Cons: Kubiza, kushisa lokuphansi kunensimbi yekhabhoni.
- Ticelo: Tindzawo tekucolela, kucubungula emakhemikhali, imboni yekudla.
Tinsimbi Letihlanganisiwe (Letishisa Letiphakeme Nekumelana Nekugcola)
- Emabanga:
- T5 (P5), T9 (P9), T11 (P11) – Tinsimbi te-Chrome-molybdenum tetinsita temphunga letishisa kakhulu.
- T22 (P22), T91 (P91) – Isetjentiswa etikhungweni temandla tekushisa kakhulu kanye netinhlelo tekubuyisa kushisa.
- Buhle: Kumelana nekunyonyoba lokusetulu, kuhle ekushiseni lokukhulu (kufika ku 600°C+).
- Cons: Tindleko letiphakeme kunensimbi yekhabhoni.
Litfusi & Tintfo Letihlanganisiwe Telitfusi
- Emabanga: C12200 (Litfusi lelikhishiwe nge-phosphorus), C70600 (I-Cu-Ni 90/10), C71500 (I-Cu-Ni 70/30).
- Buhle: Kudvonsa lokuhle kakhulu kwekushisa, kuhle ekusebentiseni lokushisa lokuphansi.
- Cons: Soft, kuthambekele ekugugulekeni emanti lasetulu-velocity.
- Ticelo: HVAC, ifriji, condensers.
I-Nickel Alloys (Yetimo Letimbi kakhulu)
- Emabanga:
- Inconel 600/625 – Kumelana kakhulu nekukhicita i-oksijini kanye ne-chlorides.
- Monel 400 – Imelana nemanti elwandle kanye netindzawo letine esidi.
- Buhle: Kumelana nekugcola lokusetulu, emandla ekushisa lokusezingeni leliphakeme.
- Cons: Kubiza kakhulu.
- Ticelo: Oyili & igesi leselwandle, emakhemikhali lasebentako.
2. Tintfo teTimphiko
Emafins enta ncono kudluliswa kwekushisa futsi kumele alinganise kuhamba kwekushisa, kumelana nekugcola, kanye netindleko.
I-Aluminium (Levame Kakhulu Yetimphiko)
- Tinzuzo:
- Kudvonsa kushisa lokusezingeni leliphakeme.
- Kulula, kumelana nekugcola (yakha lucwencwe lwe-oxide loluvikelako).
- Ibita kakhulu uma kucatsaniswa nelitfusi noma insimbi lengagucuki.
- Cons: Indzawo lephansi yekuncibilika (~660°C), ayikulungeli temps lesetulu kakhulu.
- Ticelo: Tintfo letipholiswa ngumoya (ema-ACHE), ema-radiator.
Litfusi (Lidvonsa Kakhulu)
- Pros: Best kushisa conductivity, kuhle phansi-kushisa ticelo.
- Cons: Kubiza, kuthambekele ku oxidation etindzaweni letimanti.
- Ticelo: Kubandza, ema-condenser.
Insimbi Lengagucuki (Yetindzawo Letilukhuni)
- Emabanga: SS 304, 316, 321 (kufana nemabanga eshubhu lesisekelo).
- Buhle: Kumelana nekugcola, kuhlala sikhatsi lesidze emazingeni ekushisa laphakeme.
- Cons: Kudvonsa lokushisa lokuphansi kune-Al / Cu.
- Ticelo: Titjalo temakhemikhali, kubuyiselwa kwekushisa lokulahliwe.
Insimbi Yekhabhoni (Indlela Lebita Kancane)
- Buhle: Kushibhile, kunamandla.
- Lokubi: Kugcoba kalula ngaphandle uma kugcotjiwe noma kugcotjiwe.
- Ticelo: Tindzawo letinekugcola lokuphansi, tifutfumeti tetimboni.
Timphiko Te-Bimetallic (Lokuhle Kuyo Yomibili Lemihlaba)
- Sibonelo: Timphiko te-aluminium ensimbini yekhabhoni noma lishubhu lensimbi lengagucuki.
- Buhle: Uhlanganisa kudvonsa kwa-Al ngemandla ensimbi.
- Ticelo: Tikhungo temandla, emajeneretha emfutfo wekubuyisa kushisa (ema-HRSG).
Umhlahlandlela Wekukhetsa Tintfo
| Sicelo | Lishubhu Lesisekelo Lelinconyiwe | Tintfo Letinconyiwe Te- Fin |
| Tintfo letishisako letipholiswa ngumoya | Insimbi yekhabhoni / SS 304 | Aluminium (levame kakhulu) |
| Emabhoyila & tintfo tekonga imali | Insimbi yekhabhoni (A192, P11) | Insimbi yekhabhoni / SS |
| Titjalo temakhemikhali | SS 316 / Tintfo letihlanganisiwe tenikeli | SS 316 / I-Aluminiyamu |
| Kubandza kanye ne HVAC | Litfusi | Litfusi / I-Aluminiyamu |
| Igesi lekhiphako lesetulu | SS 321 / Inkhoneli | SS 321 / Insimbi lesetulu |
Tintfo Letibalulekile Lekufanele Ticatjangelwe Nawukhetsa Tintfo
1. Lizinga lekushisa:
-
- 200°C–500°C: Timphiko tensimbi lengagucuki.
- > 500°C: Tinsimbi letisetulu letihlanganisiwe (T22, T91) noma i-Inconel.
2. Imvelo Yekugcola:
- Elwandle/elwandle: iCu-Ni noma iMonel.
- Esidi/emakhemikhali: SS 316 noma ema-alloy e-nickel.
3. Tidzingo Tekushisa:
- Lokuhle kakhulu: Litfusi > I-Aluminium > Insimbi yeKhabhoni > Insimbi lengagucuki.
4. Tindleko vs. Kusebenta:
- Timphiko te-aluminium kumashubhu ensimbi yekhabhoni tiniketa ibhalansi lenhle.
- Nickel alloys asetjentiswa kuphela uma kudzingeka ngalokuphelele.
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