Machubhu Ekushanda Nekupisa
- Simbi yeCarbon & Carbon Alloy
- Simbi isina ngura
- Chibage chemhangura neNickel
- Machubhu Ekushanda Nekupisa
- Zvishandiso zvePombi
- Mapaipi eFlanges
- Gasket, Stud Bolt & Nut
- Mavharuvhu eindasitiri
01
Kugadzira Tubhu Yakagadziriswa Kuti Ishande Zvakanaka Pakutapudza Kupisa
Nzira dzekugadzira machubhu eFinned
Machubhu eFinned anogadzirwa achishandisa matekiniki akasiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu, mashandisirwo, uye zvinodiwa pakushanda:
1. Mafin Akaburitswa (Mafin Akakosha)
- Chubhu ye bimetallic (semuenzaniso, aluminium outer layer pamusoro pesimbi kana copper core) inopfuudzwa nemuchina unoburitsa mafin kubva pa outer layer.
- Inopa simba rakanaka kwazvo remakanika uye kufambisa kwekupisa.
- Inoshandiswa muzvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya zvakaita semasystem ekudzoreredza kupisa.
2. Zvimedu zvakaputirwa (zvakatenderera)
- Chidimbu chesimbi (kazhinji aruminiyamu kana mhangura) chinomonererwa nesimbi yakatenderedza chubhu yepasi uye chinosungirirwa nechinamira, brazing, kana welding.
- Inodhura zvishoma uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvishandiso zvekupisa zvinotonhodzwa nemhepo.
- Hazvina kukodzera tembiricha yakakwira zvikuru nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwebond.
3. Mafin Akaiswa (G-Fin)
- Mugero unoiswa muchubhu, uye chidimbu chezvipenyu chinoiswa uye chinovharirwa panzvimbo yacho nemakanika.
- Kubata zvakanaka pakupisa uye kuramba kusunungura zvipete.
- Zvinowanikwa muma "process heater" nema "boilers".
4. Zvimedu Zvakasungirirwa
- Mafin anosungirirwa pachubhu imwe neimwe (semuenzaniso, mafin ane tsoka refu, akapindirana, kana kuti akasungirirwa ne stud).
- Yakakodzera kushandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya uye pakumanikidzwa kwakanyanya (semuenzaniso, zvinochengetedza mari, kudzoreredza kupisa kwemarara).
- Inodhura zvakanyanya asi inogara kwenguva refu.
5. Mapapiro eLongitudinal
- Zvipenga zvinofamba zvakatenderedza nechubhu, zvinoshandiswa uko kuyerera kweaxial kunofarirwa (semuenzaniso, mune mamwe ma air coolers nema condenser).
- Inowanzoonekwa mukushandiswa kwepetrochemical.
6. Zvimedu Zvine Mazambiringa
- Matinji madiki anosungirirwa pamusoro pechubhu kuti awedzere kuvhiringika uye kutamiswa kwekupisa.
- Inoshandiswa muma "bed heat exchangers" nema "boilers" ane mvura.
Mhando Dzakakurumbira dzeFinned Tubes muMidziyo Yekutamisa Kupisa
1. Machubhu ezvipenyu zveHelical (Spiral)
- Rudzi rwakajairika, runoshandiswa muzvishandiso zvekupisa zvinotonhorera nemhepo (ACHEs).
- Zvinhu: Aruminiyamu (yekudzivirira ngura), mhangura, kana simbi isina ngura.
2. Machubhu eFin Extruded
- Kushanda zvakanaka kwekupisa, kunoshandiswa mumajenareta emhepo anodzoreredza kupisa (HRSGs) uye muzvinhu zvinochengetedza hupfumi.
- Chubhu yepakutanga: Simbi yekabhoni / simbi isina ngura; Zvinhu zvependi: Aluminium.
3. Machubhu eL-Foot & LL-Foot Finned
- Mapipi ane chimiro che "L" pasi kuti akwanise kubatana zviri nani.
- Inoshandiswa mukugadzira simbi uye muzvishandiso zvemagetsi.
4. Zvimedu zvakakangwa
- Mafin ane machekwa ekuwedzera kutenderera uye kutamiswa kwekupisa.
- Inoshandiswa muzvishandiso zvekupisa zvinobva pagasi kuenda kugasi.
5. Machubhu eFin Akakoshwa
- Kukwesha pamusoro kunovandudza kutamiswa kwekupisa mumakondensa nema evaporator.
6. Machubhu eCorrugated Fin
- Mapazi ane mafungu anowedzera nzvimbo yepamusoro uye kutenderera, zvichivandudza kushanda zvakanaka.
Zvinhu Zvinosarudzwa zveFinned Tubes
- Tembiricha & Kumanikidzwa: Kushandiswa kwekupisa kwakanyanya kunoda mafin akasungirirwa kana akaburitswa.
- Kuramba Kuora: Zvipenga zvearuminiyamu zvenzvimbo dzine acidic, simbi isina ngura yemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara.
- Rudzi rwemvura: Mafin epadivi pegasi anoda nzvimbo yakakwirira (yakamonereka/yakatsemuka), nepo mafin epadivi pemvura anogona kushandisa machubhu epasi.
- Mutengo: Mapete akaputirwa anodhura zvishoma, nepo mapete akaputirwa/akasungirirwa anodhura asi anogara kwenguva refu.
Mashandisirwo
- Mafekitori emagetsi: Makondensa anotonhodzwa nemhepo, maHRSG.
- Oiri neGasi: Zvidziyo zvekupisa, mavira.
- HVAC: Mafiriji, maredhiyeta.
- Makemikari: Maboiler ekupisa marara, ma reactor.
Kugadzirisa Zvinhu zveFinned Tube neFin Material
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvemachubhu ane mafine mumidziyo inotapurira kupisa kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sekupisa, kumanikidzwa, kuramba ngura, kufambiswa kwekupisa, uye mutengo. Pazasi pane zvinhu zvinonyanya kufarirwa zvesimbi nesimbi zvinoshandiswa pamachubhu ane mafine, zvakarongwa zvichienderana nezvinhu zvemachubhu epasi uye zvinhu zvemafine:
1. Zvinhu zveBase Tube (Core Tube)
Chubhu yepakutanga inotakura mvura yekutanga (mvura/gasi) uye inofanira kutsungirira kumanikidzwa, tembiricha, uye ngura.
Simbi yeKabhoni (CS)
- Magiredhi: ASTM A179, A192, A210 (yemaboilers & heat exchangers)
- Zvakanakira: Mutengo wakaderera, simba rakanaka, rakakodzera kushandiswa zvine simba guru.
- Zvakaipa: Inowanzo ora; inowanzoshandiswa nependi dzinodzivirira kana kana nharaunda isingaori.
- Mashandisirwo: Maboiler, zvinochengetedza hupfumi, zvinokonzeresa mhute.
Simbi Isina Chinovhara (SS)
- Magiredhi:
- 304/304L – Inoshanda zvakanyanya, inodzivirira ngura zvakanaka.
- 316/316L – Kuramba kuri nani kumachloride nemaacids (anoshandiswa mumiti yemakemikari, nharaunda dzemugungwa).
- 321/347 – Magiredhi akagadzika ekushandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya (semuenzaniso, kudzoreredza kupisa kwegasi reutsi).
- Zvakanakira: Inodzivirira ngura zvakanyanya, ine simba rinopisa zvakanyanya.
- Zvakaipa: Inodhura, inodzikisa kupisa kupfuura simbi yekabhoni.
- Mashandisirwo: Mafekitori ekuchenesa, kugadzira makemikari, indasitiri yechikafu.
Simbi dzeAlloy (Dzinodzivirira Kupisa Kwakanyanya & Kuora)
- Magiredhi:
- T5 (P5), T9 (P9), T11 (P11) – Simbi dzeChrome-molybdenum dzinoshandiswa pakuita utsi hwemhepo inopisa zvakanyanya.
- T22 (P22), T91 (P91) – Inoshandiswa mumafekitori emagetsi ezvidziyo zvinopisa zvikuru uye masisitimu ekudzoreredza kupisa.
- Zvakanakira: Inodzivirira kukambaira zvakanyanya, yakanaka pakupisa kwakanyanya (kusvika 600°C+).
- Zvakaipa: Mutengo wakakwira kupfuura simbi yekabhoni.
MaAlloys emhangura nemhangura
- Makirasi: C12200 (Phosphorus deoxidized mhangura), C70600 (Cu-Ni 90/10), C71500 (Cu-Ni 70/30).
- Zvakanakira: Inofambisa zvakanaka kupisa, yakanaka pakushandisa tembiricha yakaderera.
- Zvakaipa: Yakapfava, inokurumidza kukurwa mumvura ine simba guru.
- Mashandisirwo: HVAC, firiji, macondenser.
Nickel Alloys (Yemamiriro Akanyanya)
- Magiredhi:
- Inconel 600/625 – Kudzivirira zvakanyanya oxidation uye chlorides.
- Monel 400 – Haipindi mumvura yegungwa uye nharaunda dzine acid.
- Zvakanakira: Inodzivirira ngura zvakanyanya, ine simba rekupisa kwakanyanya.
- Zvakaipa: Zvinodhura zvikuru.
- Mashandisirwo: Oiri negasi rekunze kwenyika, ma reactor emakemikari.
2. Zvishandiso zveFin
Mafin anowedzera kutamiswa kwekupisa uye anofanira kuenzana nekufambiswa kwekupisa, kuramba ngura, uye mutengo.
Aruminiyamu (Inonyanya Kuwanikwa paMapete)
- Zvakanakira:
- Kupisa kwakanyanya.
- Yakareruka, inodzivirira ngura (inoumba rukoko rwekuchengetedza oxide).
- Inodhura zvishoma kana tichienzanisa nemhangura kana simbi isina ngura.
- Zvakaipa: Kunyunguduka kwakaderera (~660°C), hakukodzeri kupisa kwakanyanya.
- Mashandisirwo: Zvinochinja-chinja kupisa zvinotonhorera nemhepo (ACHEs), ma radiator.
Mhangura (Kufambisa Kwepamusoro)
- Zvakanakira: Inofambisa mafuta zvakanyanya, yakanaka pakushandisa tembiricha yakaderera.
- Zvakaipa: Inodhura, inokurumidza kuoxidation munzvimbo dzine hunyoro.
- Mashandisirwo: Mufiriji, makondensa.
Simbi Isina Zvisimbiso (Yenzvimbo Dzakaoma)
- Magiredhi: SS 304, 316, 321 (zvakafanana nemagiredhi ebase tube).
- Zvakanakira: Haipindi ngura, inogara kwenguva refu kana tembiricha yakakwira.
- Zvakaipa: Kupisa kwakaderera kupfuura Al/Cu.
- Mashandisirwo: Zvimiti zvemakemikari, kudzoreredza kupisa kwemarara.
Simbi yeKabhoni (Sarudzo Yemutengo Wakaderera)
- Zvakanakira: Yakachipa, yakasimba.
- Zvakaipa: Inoita ngura zviri nyore kunze kwekunge yakaputirwa nesimbi kana kuti yakafukidzwa nesimbi.
- Mashandisirwo: Nzvimbo dzisina ngura yakawanda, maheater emumaindasitiri.
Zvipenga zveBimetallic (Zvakanakisisa Panyika Dzose)
- Muenzaniso: Zvipete zvearuminiyamu zviri pachubhu yesimbi yekabhoni kana yesimbi isina ngura.
- Zvakanakira: Inosanganisa kutenderera kweAl nesimba resimbi.
- Mashandisirwo: Zvivakwa zvemagetsi, majenareta emhepo anodzoreredza kupisa (HRSGs).
Gwaro reKusarudza Zvinhu
| Kushandiswa | Tubhu Yepasi Inokurudzirwa | Zvinhu Zvinokurudzirwa zveFin |
| Zvinochinja-chinja kupisa zvinotonhorerwa nemhepo | Simbi yekabhoni / SS 304 | Aruminiyamu (inonyanya kushandiswa) |
| Mabhoira & zvinogadzirisa hupfumi | Simbi yekabhoni (A192, P11) | Simbi yekabhoni / SS |
| Zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari | SS 316 / Nickel alloys | SS 316 / Aluminium |
| Kuisa mufiriji & HVAC | Mhangura | Mhangura / Aruminiyamu |
| Gasi rinopisa zvakanyanya | SS 321 / Inconel | SS 321 / Simbi ine alloy yakawanda |
Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvekufunga Pakusarudza Zvinhu
1. Kupisa:
-
- 200°C–500°C: Zvipenga zvesimbi isina ngura.
- > 500°C: Simbi dzine alloy yakawanda (T22, T91) kana Inconel.
2. Nzvimbo Yekuora:
- Marine / offshore: Cu-Ni kana Monel.
- Asidhi/makemikari: SS 316 kana nickel alloys.
3. Zvinodiwa pakufambisa mafuta:
- Zvakanakisisa: Mhangura > Aruminiyamu > Simbi yeKabhoni > Simbi Isina Chinovhara.
4. Mutengo vs. Kushanda:
- Mafin earuminiyamu ari pamachubhu esimbi yekabhoni anopa chiyero chakanaka.
- Ma alloys e nickel anoshandiswa chete kana zvichidikanwa.
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