Machubu Ogwiritsira Ntchito Kutentha Bwino
- Chitsulo cha Aloyi cha Kaboni ndi Kaboni
- Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
- Aloyi wa Mkuwa ndi Nikelu
- Machubu Ogwiritsira Ntchito Kutentha Bwino
- Zopangira chitoliro
- Ma Flange a chitoliro
- Gasket, Stud Bolt & Mtedza
- Ma Vavulovu a Mafakitale
01
Machubu Opangidwa ndi Finned Kuti Kutentha Kusamutsire Bwino
Njira Zopangira Machubu a Finned
Machubu a Finned amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kutengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito:
1. Zipsepse Zotulutsidwa (Zipsepse Zophatikizana)
- Chubu cha bimetallic (monga aluminiyamu yakunja pamwamba pa chitsulo kapena mkuwa) chimadutsa mu makina omwe amachotsa zipsepse kuchokera ku chigawo chakunja.
- Imapereka mphamvu yabwino kwambiri ya makina komanso kutentha.
- Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale otentha kwambiri monga makina obwezeretsa kutentha.
2. Zipsepse Zokulungidwa (Zozungulira)
- Chingwe chachitsulo (nthawi zambiri aluminiyamu kapena mkuwa) chimakulungidwa mozungulira chubu chapansi ndipo chimalumikizidwa ndi guluu, brazing, kapena welding.
- Yotsika mtengo komanso imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zosinthira kutentha zoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya.
- Sikoyenera kutentha kwambiri chifukwa cha kulephera kwa bond.
3. Zipsepse Zophatikizidwa (G-Fin)
- Mzere umayikidwa mu chubu, ndipo mzere wa zipsepse umalowetsedwa ndikumangika pamalo pake.
- Kukhudzana bwino ndi kutentha komanso kukana kumasuka kwa zipsepse.
- Zofala kwambiri m'ma heater ndi ma boiler.
4. Zipsepse Zosefedwa
- Zipsepse zimalumikizidwa payokha pa chubu (monga, zipsepse za L-foot, zopindika, kapena zolumikizidwa ndi stud).
- Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri (monga zinthu zochepetsera kutentha, kubwezeretsa kutentha kotayika).
- Yokwera mtengo kwambiri koma yolimba kwambiri.
5. Zipsepse Zautali
- Zipsepse zimayenda motsatira mzere wa chubu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komwe kuyenda kwa axial kumakondedwa (monga, mu ma air coolers ndi ma condenser ena).
- Kawirikawiri amapezeka mu petrochemical.
6. Zipsepse Zolimba
- Zipilala zazing'ono zimalumikizidwa pamwamba pa chubu kuti ziwonjezere kugwedezeka ndi kusamutsa kutentha.
- Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma boilers ndi ma heat exchanger okhala ndi madzi.
Mitundu Yodziwika Kwambiri ya Machubu Opangidwa ndi Finned mu Zipangizo Zosamutsira Kutentha
1. Machubu a Zipsepse za Helical (Spiral)
- Mtundu wofala kwambiri, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zotenthetsera zoziziritsa mpweya (ACHEs).
- Zipangizo: Aluminiyamu (yoteteza dzimbiri), mkuwa, kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
2. Machubu Otulutsa Zipsepse
- Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kutentha, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu majenereta a nthunzi yobweza kutentha (HRSGs) ndi ma economizers.
- Chitoliro choyambira: Chitsulo cha kaboni / chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri; Zinthu zomangira: Aluminiyamu.
3. Machubu Opangidwa ndi Mapazi Awiri ndi Awiri
- Zipsepse zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a "L" pansi kuti zigwirizane bwino.
- Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale oyeretsera ndi mafakitale amagetsi.
4. Zipsepse Zokhala ndi Nkhono
- Zipsepse zimakhala ndi mabala owonjezera kugwedezeka ndi kusamutsa kutentha.
- Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zosinthira kutentha kuchokera ku gasi kupita ku gasi.
5. Machubu Opindika a Zipsepse
- Kukonza pamwamba kumathandizira kusamutsa kutentha mu ma condenser ndi ma evaporator.
6. Machubu a Zipsepse Zopangidwa ndi Zitoliro
- Zipsepse zozungulira zimawonjezera malo ndi kugwedezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito igwire bwino ntchito.
Zinthu Zosankhira Machubu a Finned
- Kutentha ndi Kupanikizika: Kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri kumafuna zipsepse zolumikizidwa kapena zotulutsidwa.
- Kukana Kudzimbiritsa: Zipsepse za aluminiyamu zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zokhala ndi asidi, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zovuta.
- Mtundu wa Madzi: Zipsepse za mbali ya mpweya zimafuna malo okwera (ozungulira/okhala ndi serrated), pomwe mbali yamadzimadzi ingagwiritse ntchito machubu a zipsepse zotsika.
- Mtengo: Zipsepse zokulungidwa ndizotsika mtengo, pomwe zipsepse zotulutsidwa/zowotcherera zimakhala zodula koma zolimba kwambiri.
Mapulogalamu
- Malo Opangira Mphamvu: Zoziziritsira mpweya, ma HRSG.
- Mafuta ndi Gasi: Zotenthetsera, uvuni.
- HVAC: Zoziziritsira, ma radiator.
- Mankhwala: Zotenthetsera zinyalala, ma reactor.
Kukonza Zinthu Zopangira Chube ndi Finned
Kusankha zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito machubu okhala ndi zipsepse mu zipangizo zotumizira kutentha kumadalira zinthu monga kutentha, kupanikizika, kukana dzimbiri, kutentha, ndi mtengo wake. Pansipa pali zipangizo zodziwika kwambiri zachitsulo ndi zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa machubu okhala ndi zipsepse, zomwe zili m'magulu osiyanasiyana malinga ndi zipangizo zoyambira ndi zipangizo zoyambira:
1. Zipangizo za Maziko a Chubu (Chubu Chachikulu)
Chubu choyambira chimanyamula madzi oyambira (madzi/mpweya) ndipo chiyenera kupirira kupsinjika, kutentha, ndi dzimbiri.
Chitsulo cha Kaboni (CS)
- Magiredi: ASTM A179, A192, A210 (ya ma boiler ndi ma heat exchanger)
- Zabwino: Mtengo wotsika, mphamvu yabwino, yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto amphamvu.
- Zoyipa: Zimakhala ndi dzimbiri; nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zophimba zoteteza kapena pamene chilengedwe sichiwononga.
- Ntchito: Ma boiler, ma economizer, ma condenser a nthunzi.
Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira (SS)
- Magiredi:
- 304/304L – Yogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, yolimba bwino pa dzimbiri.
- 316/316L – Kukana bwino ma chloride ndi ma acid (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zomera zamankhwala, m'malo okhala m'nyanja).
- 321/347 – Magiredi okhazikika pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri (monga, kubwezeretsanso kutentha kwa mpweya wotulutsa utsi).
- Zabwino: Kukana dzimbiri bwino, kulimba kwambiri kutentha.
- Zoyipa: Zokwera mtengo, kutentha kochepa kuposa chitsulo cha kaboni.
- Ntchito: Malo oyeretsera zinthu, kukonza mankhwala, mafakitale azakudya.
Zitsulo za Alloy (Zotentha Kwambiri & Zotsutsana ndi Dzimbiri)
- Magiredi:
- T5 (P5), T9 (P9), T11 (P11) – Zitsulo za Chrome-molybdenum zogwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthunzi yotentha kwambiri.
- T22 (P22), T91 (P91) – Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale opangira magetsi opangira ma superheater ndi makina obwezeretsa kutentha.
- Ubwino: Imapirira kutentha kwambiri, yabwino kutentha kwambiri (mpaka 600°C+).
- Zoyipa: Mtengo wake ndi wokwera kuposa chitsulo cha kaboni.
Ma Aloyi a Mkuwa ndi Mkuwa
- Maphunziro: C12200 (Phosphorus deoxidized copper), C70600 (Cu-Ni 90/10), C71500 (Cu-Ni 70/30).
- Ubwino: Kutenthetsa bwino kwambiri, kwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kochepa.
- Zoyipa: Zofewa, zomwe zimakokoloka mosavuta m'madzi othamanga kwambiri.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito: HVAC, firiji, ma condenser.
Ma alloy a Nickel (Pamavuto Aakulu)
- Magiredi:
- Inconel 600/625 – Kukana kwambiri okosijeni ndi ma chloride.
- Monel 400 - Yolimba ku madzi a m'nyanja komanso malo okhala ndi asidi.
- Ubwino: Kukana dzimbiri kwambiri, mphamvu yotentha kwambiri.
- Zoyipa: Zokwera mtengo kwambiri.
- Ntchito: Mafuta ndi gasi wakunja kwa dziko, ma reactor a mankhwala.
2. Zipangizo Zachimaliziro
Zipsepse zimathandiza kusamutsa kutentha ndipo ziyenera kulinganiza kutentha, kukana dzimbiri, ndi mtengo wake.
Aluminiyamu (Yodziwika Kwambiri pa Zipsepse)
- Zabwino:
- Kutentha kwambiri.
- Yopepuka, yosagwira dzimbiri (imapanga gawo loteteza okosijeni).
- Yotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi mkuwa kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
- Zoyipa: Kusungunuka kochepa (~660°C), sikoyenera kutentha kwambiri.
- Ntchito: Zosinthira kutentha zoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya (ACHEs), ma radiator.
Mkuwa (Kuyendetsa Mafunde Kwambiri)
- Zabwino: Kutumiza kwabwino kwambiri kwa kutentha, kwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kochepa.
- Zoyipa: Zokwera mtengo, zimakhala zosavuta kusungunuka m'malo onyowa.
- Ntchito: Mufiriji, ma condenser.
Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri (Cha Malo Ovuta)
- Magiredi: SS 304, 316, 321 (mofanana ndi magiredi a chubu choyambira).
- Ubwino: Wosagonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri, wolimba kwambiri pa kutentha kwambiri.
- Zoyipa: Kutsika kwa kutentha kuposa Al/Cu.
- Ntchito: Zomera zamankhwala, kubwezeretsa kutentha kotayidwa.
Chitsulo cha Kaboni (Njira Yotsika Mtengo)
- Zabwino: Zotsika mtengo, zolimba.
- Zoyipa: Zimazizira mosavuta pokhapokha ngati zili ndi galvanized kapena pulasitiki.
- Ntchito: Malo osawononga dzimbiri, zotenthetsera zamafakitale.
Zipsepse za Bimetallic (Zabwino Kwambiri Padziko Lonse)
- Chitsanzo: Zipsepse za aluminiyamu pa chubu cha chitsulo cha kaboni kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
- Ubwino: Zimaphatikiza mphamvu ya Al yoyendetsa magetsi ndi mphamvu ya chitsulo.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Malo opangira magetsi, majenereta a nthunzi yobweza kutentha (HRSGs).
Buku Lotsogolera Kusankha Zinthu
| Kugwiritsa Ntchito | Chubu Choyambira Chovomerezeka | Zipangizo Zovomerezeka Zopangira Chipeso |
| Zosinthira kutentha zoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya | Chitsulo cha kaboni / SS 304 | Aluminiyamu (yofala kwambiri) |
| Zotenthetsera ndi Zoyeretsera | Chitsulo cha kaboni (A192, P11) | Chitsulo cha kaboni / SS |
| Zomera za mankhwala | SS 316 / Ma aloyi a nikeli | SS 316 / Aluminiyamu |
| Mufiriji & HVAC | Mkuwa | Mkuwa / Aluminiyamu |
| Mpweya wotentha kwambiri | SS 321 / Inconel | SS 321 / Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi aloyi wambiri |
Mfundo Zofunika Kuziganizira Posankha Zipangizo
1. Kutentha:
-
- 200°C–500°C: Zipsepse zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
- > 500°C: Zitsulo zokhala ndi aloyi wambiri (T22, T91) kapena Inconel.
2. Malo Okhala ndi Dzimbiri:
- Marine / offshore: Cu-Ni kapena Monel.
- Asidi/mankhwala: SS 316 kapena nickel alloys.
3. Zofunikira pa Kutentha kwa Kutentha:
- Zabwino Kwambiri: Mkuwa > Aluminiyamu > Chitsulo cha Kaboni > Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira.
4. Mtengo vs. Magwiridwe antchito:
- Zipsepse za aluminiyamu pa machubu achitsulo cha kaboni zimapereka mgwirizano wabwino.
- Ma alloy a nickel amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kutero.
Mukufuna kuyitanitsa zomwezo? Lumikizanani nafe Tsopano kuti mutumize pempho lanu!
