Amashubhu wokusebenzisa kuhle ukutjhisa
- Ikhabhoni ne-Carbon Alloy Steel
- Insimbi engagqwali
- I-Copper & Nickel Alloy
- Amashubhu wokusebenzisa kuhle ukutjhisa
- Iinsetjenziswa zamaphayiphu
- Amafletjhi wepayipi
- I-Gasket, i-Stud Bolt & Nut
- Amavalvu webubulo
01
Ithubhu elineenhluthu zokwenza ngcono ukudluliswa kwetjhisa
Iindlela zokwenza amashubhu aneenhluthu
Amashubhu aneenhluthu enziwa ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga ahlukileko ngokuya ngezinto, ukusetjenziswa, kanye neemfuneko zokusebenza:
1. Amaphini akhiqiziweko (amaphini ahlanganisiweko)
- Itjhubhu ye-bimetallic (isib., isendlalelo sangaphandle se-aluminiyamu phezu kwensimbi nofana ikhopha) idluliswa emtjhinini okhipha amaphini esendlalweni sangaphandle.
- Inikeza amandla amahle khulu womtjhini nokudlulisa ukutjhisa.
- Isetjenziswa eensetjenzisweni ezinezinga eliphezulu lokutjhisa njengeenhlelo zokubuyisa ukutjhisa.
2. Amaphini agoqiweko (aphendukileko)
- Umtjhini wensimbi (ngokuvamileko i-aluminiyamu nofana ikhopha) ugoqelwe nge-helic ezungeze itjhubhu yesisekelo bese ubopheka ngokunamathela, ukubhada, nofana ukuwelda.
- Ibiza imali enengi begodu isetjenziswa khulu eentweni zokutjhisa ezipholiswa mumoya.
- Akukafaneli amazinga womtjhiso aphezulu khulu ngebanga lokubhalelwa kwebhondi.
3. Amaphini afakwe ngaphakathi (G-Fin)
- I-groove yenziwa ngomtjhini ngaphakathi kwetjhubhu, bese kuthi umtjhini we-fin ufakwe bese uvalelwe endaweni yawo ngomtjhini.
- Ukuthintana okuhle nokutjhisa nokujamelana nokukhululeka kwephini.
- Okujayelekileko eensetjenzisweni zokufuthumala kanye namabhoyila.
4. Amaphini ahlanganisiweko
- Amaphini ahlanganiswe ngamunye ngamunye etjhubhu (isib., i-L-foot, amaphini ahlanganisiweko, nofana ahlanganiswe nge-stud).
- Ilungele ukusetjenziswa kwamazinga womtjhiso aphezulu kanye nokugandeleleka okukhulu (isib., iinsetjenziswa zokonga, ukubuyisa ukutjhisa okulahliweko).
- Ibiza khulu kodwana ihlala isikhathi eside.
5. Amaphiko we-Longitudinal
- Amaphini agijima ahambisana ne-eksisi yetjhubhu, asetjenziswa lapho ukugeleza kwe-eksisi kukhethwa khona (isib., kwezinye iinsetjenziswa zokupholisa umoya kanye nama-condenser).
- Ivamise ukubonwa eensetjenzisweni ze-petrochemical.
6. Amaphini aneenhluthu
- Izikhonkwane ezincani zihlanganiswa ebusweni betjhubhu ukwandisa ukutjharagana nokudluliselwa komtjhiso.
- Isetjenziswa eentweni ezitjhugulula umtjhiso webhedi kanye namabhoyila.
Imihlobo edumileko yamatjhubhu aneenhluthu eensetjenzisweni zokudlulisa ukutjhisa
1. I-Hicalic (Spiral) Fin Tubes
- Umhlobo ovame khulu, osetjenziswa eensetjenzisweni zokutjhisa ezipholiswa mumoya (ama-ACHE).
- Iinsetjenziswa: I-aluminium (yokujamelana nokugqwala), ikhopha, nofana isimbi engagqwali.
2. Amashubhu we-Fin akhutjhiweko
- Ukusebenza kuhle okuphezulu kokutjhisa, okusetjenziswa emajeneretha womtjhiso wokubuyisa umtjhiso (ama-HRSG) kanye nama-conmizer.
- Itjhubhu lesisekelo: Insimbi yekhabhoni / insimbi engagqwali; Into ye-fin: Aluminiyamu.
3. L-Foot & LL-Foot Finned Tubes
- Amaphini anejamo elingu-"L" ngaphasi ukwenzela bona ahlangane ngcono.
- Isetjenziswa eendaweni zokucwengisisa kanye neendawo zokusebenza zamandla.
4. Amaphini anamazinyo
- Iinhluthu zineendawo ezisikiweko ukuthuthukisa ukutjharagana nokudlulisa ukutjhisa.
- Isetjenziswa ekutjhugululeni ukutjhisa kwegesi ukuya kwegesi.
5. Amashubhu we-Nurled Fin
- Ukurhaba kwephasi kwenza ngcono ukudluliselwa komtjhiso kuma-condenser kanye nama-evaporator.
6. Amatjhubhu we-Corrugated Fin Tubes
- Amaphini anamagagasi akhuphula indawo engaphezulu nokutjharagana, okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kuhle.
Iinzathu zokukhetha amashubhu aneenhluthu
- Izinga lokutjhisa nokugandeleleka: Iinsetjenziswa ezinezinga eliphezulu zitlhoga amaphini ahlanganisiweko nofana akhutjhiweko.
- Ukujamelana nokugqwala: Iimfesi ze-aluminiyamu zeendawo ezine-esidi, insimbi engagqwali yeendawo ezimbi.
- Umhlobo we-Fluid: Amaphini asehlangothini legesi atlhoga indawo ephezulu (e-helical/enamazinyo), kuthi ama-liquid-side angasebenzisa amashubhu anamaphini aphasi.
- Iindleko: Iimfesi ezigoqelweko zibiza imali, kuthi iimfesi ezikhishwe/ezihlanganisiweko zibiza khulu kodwana zihlala isikhathi eside.
Iimbawo
- Iinsetjenziswa zamandla: Iinsetjenziswa ezipholiswa mumoya, ama-HRSG.
- I-Oyili neGesi: Iinsetjenziswa zokufuthumala, ama-furnace.
- I-HVAC: Ama-chiller, ama-radiator.
- Amakhemikhali: Amabhoyila womtjhiso, ama-reactor.
Itjhubhu eneenhluthu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwepahla ye-fin
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwenza amashubhu aneenhluthu eensetjenzisweni zokudlulisa umtjhiso kuya ngezinto ezifana namazinga womtjhiso, umfutho, ukujamelana nokugqwala, ukudlulisa umtjhiso, kanye neendleko. Ngezansi kunezinto ezithandwa khulu zensimbi neensimbi ezisetjenziselwa amashubhu anamaphini, ahlukaniswe ngezinto ezisetjenziselwa amashubhu wesisekelo kanye nezinto ezifakwe emaphepheni:
1. Iinsetjenziswa zeTjhubhu (Ishubhu eqakathekileko)
Itjhubhu lesisekelo lithwala uketshezi oluyinhloko (uketshezi/igesi) begodu kufanele limelane nokugandeleleka, amazinga womtjhiso, nokugqwala.
I-Carbon Steel (CS)
- Amagreyidi: ASTM A179, A192, A210 (wamabhoyila nama-heat exchanger)
- Iinzuzo: Imali ephasi, amandla amahle, alungele ukusetjenziswa okuphezulu.
- Okubi: Kuthambekele ekugqwaleni; kanengi isetjenziswa ngeengubo ezivikelako nanyana lokha indawo ingaguli.
- Iinsetjenziswa: Amabhoyila, ama-condmizer, ama-steam condensers.
Insimbi engagqwali (SS)
- Amabanga:
- 304/304L – Injongo ejwayelekileko, ukujamelana nokugqwala okuhle.
- 316/316L – Ukujamelana ngcono nama-chlorides nama-esidi (asetjenziswa eentjalweni zamakhemikhali, eendaweni zaselwandle).
- 321/347 – Amagreyidi azinzileko wokusetjenziswa kwamazinga womtjhiso aphezulu (isib., ukubuyiselwa komtjhiso wegesi).
- Okuhle: Ukujamelana nokugqwala okuhle khulu, ukuqina kwamazinga womtjhiso aphezulu.
- Okubi: Kuyabiza, ukudlulisa ukutjhisa okuphasi kunensimbi yekhabhoni.
- Iinsetjenziswa: Iindawo zokucwengisisa, ukulungiswa kwamakhemikhali, ibubulo lokudla.
I-Alloy Steels (Ukujamelana Nokutjhisa Okuphezulu Nokugqwala)
- Amabanga:
- T5 (P5), T9 (P9), T11 (P11) – I-Chrome-molybdenum steels yeenkonzo ze-steam ephezulu.
- T22 (P22), T91 (P91) – Isetjenziswa eentjalweni zamandla zokwenza ama-superheater kanye neenhlelo zokubuyisa umtjhiso.
- Iinzuzo: Ukujamelana nokunyonyoba okuphezulu, kulungele ukutjhisa okukhulu (ukufikela ku-600°C+).
- Okubi: Imali ephezulu ukudlula insimbi yekhabhoni.
Ikhopha nama-Aloy wekhopha
- Amagreyidi: C12200 (Ithusi elikhiqizwa nge-oxidized nge-Phosphorus), C70600 (Cu-Ni 90/10), C71500 (Cu-Ni 70/30).
- Okuhle: Ukudlulisa ukutjhisa okuhle khulu, kuhle ekusetjenzisweni kwamazinga womtjhiso aphasi.
- Okubi: Kuthambile, kuthambekele ekuguguleni emanzini anejubane elikhulu.
- Iinsetjenziswa: I-HVAC, ukuqandisa, ama-condenser.
Iinhlanganisela ze-Nickel (Ebujamweni obumbi khulu)
- Amabanga:
- I-Inconel 600/625 – Ukujamelana khulu ne-oksijini nama-chloride.
- I-Monel 400 – Ijamelana namanzi welwandle kanye neendawo ezine-esidi.
- Iinzuzo: Ukujamelana nokugqwala okuphezulu, amandla womtjhiso aphezulu.
- Okumbi: Kubiza khulu.
- Iinsetjenziswa: I-oli nerhasi yangelwandle, iinsetjenziswa zamakhemikhali.
2. Iinsetjenziswa ze-Fin
Amaphini akhuphula ukudluliselwa komtjhiso begodu kufuze alinganise ukudlulisa ukutjhisa, ukujamelana nokugqwala, kanye neendleko.
I-Aluminiyamu (Evame khulu emaphini)
- Okuhle:
- Ukudlulisa ukutjhisa okuphezulu.
- Okulula, ukumelana nokugqwala (kwakha isendlalelo se-oxide esivikelako).
- Ibiza imali enengi nayiqathaniswa nekhopha nofana insimbi engagqwali.
- Okubi: Indawo yokuncibilika ephasi (~660°C), ayikafaneli amazinga womtjhiso aphezulu khulu.
- Iinsetjenziswa: Iinsetjenziswa zokutjhisa ezipholiswa mumoya (ama-ACHE), amarediyetha.
Ikhopha (Ukudlulisa Okuphezulu)
- Iinzuzo: Ukudlulisa ukutjhisa okuhle khulu, kuhle ekusetjenzisweni kwamazinga womtjhiso aphasi.
- Okumbi: Kuyabiza, kuthambekele ekutheni kube ne-oksijini eendaweni ezimanzi.
- Iinsetjenziswa: Ifriji, amakhondensa.
Insimbi engagqwali (Eendaweni ezimbi)
- Amagreyidi: SS 304, 316, 321 (okufana namagreyidi we-base tube).
- Okuhle: Ukujamelana nokugqwala, kuhlala isikhathi eside emazingeni womtjhiso aphezulu.
- Okubi: Ukudlulisa ukutjhisa okuphasi kune-Al/Cu.
- Iinsetjenziswa: Iintjalo zamakhemikhali, ukubuyisa ukutjhisa okulahliweko.
Insimbi yeKhabhoni (Indlela ebiza kancani)
- Okuhle: Kutjhiphile, kuqinile.
- Okumbi: Irhula lula ngaphandle kobana ifakwe i-galvani nofana igcotshwe.
- Iinsetjenziswa: Iindawo ezinokugqwala okuncani, ama-heater webubulo.
Amaphini we-Bimetallic (Okuhle khulu kiwo womabili amazwe)
- Isibonelo: Iimfesi ze-aluminiyamu ku-carbon steel nofana itjhubhu yensimbi engagqwali.
- Iinzuzo: Ihlanganisa ukudlulisa kwe-Al namandla wensimbi.
- Iinsetjenziswa: Iintjalo zamandla, amajeneretha womtjhiso wokubuyisa umtjhiso (ama-HRSG).
Umhlahlandlela wokukhetha izinto
| Isicelo | Itjhubhu yesisekelo ephakanyisiweko | Iinsetjenziswa eziphakanyisiweko |
| Iinsetjenziswa zokutjhisa ezipholiswa mumoya | Insimbi yekhabhoni / SS 304 | I-aluminiyamu (ejwayelekileko) |
| Amabhoyila nama-concomizer | Insimbi yekhabhoni (A192, P11) | Insimbi yekhabhoni / SS |
| Iintjalo zamakhemikhali | I-SS 316 / i-Nickel alloys | SS 316 / Aluminium |
| Ifriji ne-HVAC | Ikhopha | Ikhopha / i-Aluminiyamu |
| Irhasi yokutjhisa ephezulu | SS 321 / Inconel | SS 321 / Insimbi ephezulu |
Iinsetjenziswa eziqakathekileko lokha nawukhetha izinto
1. Izinga lokutjhisa:
-
- 200°C–500°C: Iinhluthu zensimbi ezingagqwali.
- > 500°C: Iinsimbi ezine-alloy ephezulu (T22, T91) nofana i-Inconel.
2. Ibhoduluko lokugqwala:
- I-Marine/offshore: Cu-Ni nofana i-Monel.
- I-esidi/amakhemikhali: SS 316 nofana i-nickel alloys.
3. Iimfuneko zokudlulisa ukutjhisa:
- Okuhle khulu: Ikhopha > I-Aluminiyamu > I-Carbon Steel > I-Stainless Steel.
4. Iindleko ngokuqathaniswa nokusebenza:
- Amaphini we-aluminiyamu kumatjhubhu wensimbi yekhabhoni anikela ngokulinganisela okuhle.
- Ama-alloy we-nickel asetjenziswa kwaphela lokha nakutlhogeka khulu.
Ufuna uku-oda okufanako? Xhumana nathi Nje ukuthumela isibawo sakho!
