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01
EN12451 Copper and Copper Alloy Seamless Tubes for Heat Exchangers
Normative References
- References related standards (e.g., EN 1173 for material codes, EN ISO 6892-1 for tensile testing).
Material Codes & Ordering Information
- Material Designations:
- Copper: CW024A (OF-Cu), CW020A (Cu-DHP).
- Copper Alloys: CW704R (CuZn30), CW712R (CuNi10Fe1Mn), etc.
- Ordering Requirements: Buyers must specify:
- Standard number (EN 12451).
- Material code (e.g., CW024A).
- Dimensions (outer diameter, wall thickness, length).
- Delivery condition (annealed, hard-drawn, etc.).
- Any additional testing (e.g., hydrostatic pressure, eddy current).
Manufacturing & Chemical Composition
- Tubes must be seamless, produced by extrusion, drawing, or pilgering.
- Chemical composition must comply with EN 1173.
Mechanical Properties
- Tensile Strength, Elongation, and Hardness requirements vary by material and temper (annealed vs. hard-drawn).
- Example: CW024A (annealed) – Tensile strength ≥ 200 MPa, elongation ≥ 40%.
Dimensional Tolerances
- Specifies tolerances for:
- Outer diameter (±0.1 mm to ±1%, depending on size).
- Wall thickness (±10% typically).
- Straightness (max deviation per meter length).
Inspection & Testing Requirements
- Mandatory Tests:
- Dimensional inspection.
- Visual examination (surface defects, cracks).
- Tensile test (one per batch).
- Flattening test or expansion test (material-dependent).
- Optional Tests (if specified in order):
- Hydrostatic pressure test.
- Eddy current testing for defects.
- Grain size assessment (for annealed tubes).
Surface Condition & Defects
- Tubes must be free of scale, cracks, and inclusions.
- Minor surface imperfections allowed if within dimensional tolerances.
Marking & Certification
- Each tube or bundle must be marked with:
- Manufacturer’s name/logo.
- Material code.
- Dimensions.
- Heat number.
- Inspection Certificate 3.1 (EN 10204) provided upon request.
Packaging
- Tubes typically supplied in straight lengths or coils, protected against corrosion/damage.
Main Material Codes in EN 12451
1. Pure Copper (Cu)
- CW004A (Cu-ETP) – Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper (common for general heat exchangers).
- CW008A (Cu-OF) – Oxygen-Free Copper (high conductivity, reduced embrittlement risk).
- CW020A (Cu-DHP) – Phosphorus-Deoxidized Copper (good weldability, corrosion resistance).
- CW021A (Cu-DLP) – Low-Phosphorus Deoxidized Copper.
- CW022A (Cu-DHP, variant with tighter impurity control).
- CW023A (Cu-OF, ultra-high purity).
- CW024A (Cu-OF, for high vacuum/electronics applications).
2. Copper Alloys
- CW307G (CuZn30, 70/30 brass) – Good corrosion resistance in water.
- CW500L (CuZn20Al2As) – Arsenical aluminum brass for condenser tubes.
- CW702R (CuNi10Fe1Mn) – 90/10 Cupronickel (seawater resistance).
- CW704R (CuNi30Mn1Fe) – 70/30 Cupronickel (superior corrosion/erosion resistance).
- CW712R (CuNi30Fe2Mn2) – High-strength cupronickel variant.
Notes on Material Selection
- CW004A (Cu-ETP) is widely used but may suffer from hydrogen embrittlement in high-temperature reducing atmospheres.
- CW020A (Cu-DHP) is preferred for welded heat exchangers due to phosphorus deoxidation.
- Cupronickels (CW702R, CW704R) are ideal for seawater/brine applications.
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